Question

Proteins are synthesized based on genetic information carried by DNA. Explain how the structure of DNA is important in the synthesis of different kinds of proteins. In your explanation, include a description of the two main processes involved in protein synthesis.

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Answer 1

The DNA's structure is important since it has the nucleotide sequences that codify for every protein.

• During transcription, a segment of the DNA is transcribed and makes RNA. In other words, an enzyme reads the DNA's sequences that codify for a gene and creates a specific chain of nucleotides using as a template the DNA strand.

• Once that transcription ends, and there is an RNA strand, the translation starts. In this process, the RNA sequence is translated, that is to say, that a set of three nucleotides codifies for a specific amino acid. The translation of these sets of nucleotides to amino acids gives a protein.

• Every protein has its unique sequence of amino acids, which comes from the DNA's sequence and its transcription and translation.

In conclusion, DNA is crucial in the synthesis of different kinds of proteins because it is the one that has the information, in nucleotides sequences, to make every type of protein. To synthesize a protein, transcription, and translation are necessary.

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