Besson claims CPh4 is an actual substance. Could be. There is a class of agents called growth factors. There are numerous growth factor for neurons, as well as for glia (nerve support cells)--examples include NGF, BDNGF; indeed there are about 100 different growth factors, and CPh4 could be one of these. The film mentions that CPh4 promotes bone growth--there indeed are bone growth factors. They are called BMPs--bone morphogenetic proteins
That said, excess growth of the brain would not increase functional capacity--we call increased brain growth cancer not superpowers --increased bone growth would be acromegaly--not a pretty sight for Ms J--she deserves better.
So, sorry all, but we are not going to get to genius level by taking a wonder-pill.