Answer:
1. First method : Since, [tex]1\% = \frac{1}{100}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]40\% = \frac{40}{100}[/tex]
Thus, 40 % of 60
= [tex]\frac{40}{100}\times 60 = \frac{2400}{100} = 24[/tex]
Second method: (Pictorial model)
When we want get any % of 60,
Then, [tex]100\% = 60[/tex]
⇒ [tex]10\% = 6[/tex]
⇒ [tex]40\% = 4\times 6 = 24[/tex]
2. First method :
Let the number is x,
Since, [tex]1\% = \frac{1}{100}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]15\% = \frac{15}{100}[/tex]
Thus, 15 % of x = 30
[tex]\frac{15}{100}\times x = 30[/tex]
[tex]\frac{15x}{100}=30[/tex]
[tex]15 x = 3000\implies x=200[/tex]
Second method: (Pictorial model)
[tex]15\% = 30[/tex]
[tex]1\% = \frac{30}{15} = 2[/tex]
[tex]100\%=200[/tex]
Therefore, answer is 200.