Northern Africa is a region that has been very hard for traveling for the people living in it in the past, but the problem is still big even nowadays. The main reason for this is that almost all of the region is dominated by desert, the Sahara. The Sahara desert is enormous, it has big sand storms, there's very few places where there is water, and on average it is the hottest place on the planet. This has stopped the people from moving in larger groups through it, and also they were not able to build any infrastructure as the sands would have just covered it quickly. Most of the traveling was limited along the coastline, while the interior was largely avoided.
