12. A satellite in space experiences direct sunlight and heats up. During periods when it receives no direct sunlight, (1 point)
the satellite cools off by radiation.
the satellite cools off by conduction.
the satellite maintains a constant temperature.
the satellite cools off by convection.
13. Use the image below to answer the following question.

A photo shows a pair of sandals and a sunglass case on a beach.
A beachgoer leaves a pair of sandals on the shore while she swims. When she puts the sandals on again, the bottom of her feet will feel hot because _____. Choose all that apply.

(2 points)
the sandals were warmed by radiation
heat will transfer to her feet by radiation
heat will transfer away from her feet by conduction
heat will transfer to her feet by conduction
14. Four positively charged particles are at various distances from a positively charged plate. The particles are equally charged and do not influence each other. Which particle has the greatest potential energy?

The bottom of a rectangular area shows a row of positive signs that represent the positively charged plate. Four starburst icons labeled A, B, C, and D represent the positively charged particles. A is closest to the plate; B is farther away than A; C is farther away than B; and D is farther away than C.In row 1, column 1 is labeled upper A, column 2 is labeled upper B,
column 3 is labeled upper C, and column 4 is labeled upper D. In row 2, there is a symbol representing a positively charged ion near the bottom of column 1. The symbol is shaded a different color than the background. In row 2, column 2, the ion symbol is a little higher than it was in column 1. In row 2, column 3, the ion symbol is a little higher than it was in column 2. In row 2, column 4, the ion symbol is near the top of the column. In row 3, all of the columns are merged together. The row is shaded the same color as the ion symbols in row 2, and there are 9 positive signs, spaced evenly across the row. (1 point)
A
B
C
D
15. Use the image below to answer the following question.
A man prepares to use a bow and arrow by pulling the arrow back against the string of the bow.
Which of the following energy changes occurs as a bow is drawn and released?

(1 point)
gravitational potential to chemical potential
magnetic potential to kinetic
elastic potential to kinetic
kinetic to thermal
16. Jerri is planning to rebuild the engine of an antique car. She has chosen all the materials she needs, including a high-quality synthetic oil to reduce friction in the engine. What effect will reducing friction have on the engine’s performance? Choose all that apply. (2 points)
Reduced friction means reduced efficiency.
Reduced friction means reduced heat transfer.
Reduced friction means increased efficiency.
Reduced friction means increased heat transfer.
17. During a space shuttle landing, a parachute deploys from the back of the shuttle as it taxis down the runway. In addition to the speed brake, the parachute helps the shuttle come to a complete stop. How does the parachute help during this process? (1 point)
It increases the weight of the shuttle.
It increases the potential energy of the shuttle.
It increases friction by air resistance.
It increases heat transfer by radiation.

In the vacuum of space, there is no medium for convectional heat transfer. Only electromagnetic radiation transfer energy through space. The satellite will, therefore, lose heat through infra-red radiation, not convection.

13. The answer is; heat will transfer to her feet by conduction

When the beachgoer wears her sandals, he makes contact with the sandals and his foot and sandal becomes one thermodynamic system. The heat transfer by conduction, as it passes through the skin, seeks thermal equilibrium.

15. The answer is; elastic potential to kinetic

The more the string of the bow is pulled, the higher the elastic potential energy it gains. This is because the string is stretched and has the capacity to restore normal size when released. When the string is released and begins to rapidly restore, it transfers this energy to the arrow, pushing the arrow forward.

16. The answer is; Reduced friction means increased efficiency.

By lubricating the moving components of the engine, friction is reduced. Friction causes a loss of energy as the energy is lost through heat as the components rub against one another. Reduction of friction, therefore, reduces this loss and more energy is channeled towards the drive shaft.

17. The answer is; It increases friction by air resistance.

A parachute is designed to increase drag exceptionally hence reduce the speed of a moving object drastically. Drag is induced by frictional resistance. When the parachute deploys, air is impeded from passing smoothly over the parachute hence enormous air resistance is developed causing the space shuttle to reduce speed.