1. Autocratic: Form of government where one person has absolute rule.
2. Caliph: A title taken by Muslim rulers that assert religious authority.
3. Caste: The system of organizing society into hereditary classes.
4. Orthodox: Following the established or traditional rules of faith.
5. Schism: The division of a group into antagonistic factions.
6. Tetrarch: The ruler of a quarter of a county or empire.