In both questions, the objects are falling from rest so their final velocities after time [tex]t[/tex] will be given by
[tex]v_f=v_i+at=at[/tex]
where [tex]a[/tex] is the acceleration due to gravity given. Note that I take the downward direction to be positive.
23.
[tex]v_f=\left(9.8\,\dfrac{\mathrm m}{\mathrm s^2}\right)(7\,\mathrm s)\implies v_f=68.6\,\dfrac{\mathrm m}{\mathrm s}[/tex]
24.
[tex]49\,\dfrac{\mathrm m}{\mathrm s}=\left(9.8\,\dfrac{\mathrm m}{\mathrm s^2}\right)t\implies t=5.0\,\mathrm s[/tex]