Rutherford's models of the atom include a structure that is mostly made of empty space. Hence, option D is correct.
In the cloud model, there are regions where an electron may likely be found, but it's theoretically possible for it to be located anywhere, including inside the nucleus.
There are five basic atomic models which have contributed to the structure of the atom itself.
John Dalton's atomic model: Dalton´s Billiard Ball (Solid Sphere) Model
J.J. Thomson's model: Plum Pudding model
Ernest Rutherford's model: Nuclear model
Niels Bohr's model: Planetary model
Erwin Schrödinger's model: Electron Cloud Model/Quantum Model
Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, which had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged "soup."
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus.
Thus, Rutherford's models of the atom include a structure that is mostly made of empty space. Hence, option D is correct.
Learn more about the electron cloud model here:
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