Question

this segment of dna is transcribed to form a complementary strand of mRNA. The mRNA then undergoes translation. How many amino acids would the RNA code for

Answer 1

I think this question is trying to get you to understand that mRNA is read in triplets.
When the ribosome reads the mRNA, it is read three (3) bases at a time, and each of the three bases corresponds to an amino acid.

Therefore, there are three different "reading frames", or different places to start reading the 3 bases at a time from. I've attached a picture which shows this better than I could ever explain it!

Answer 2

During translation, tRNA adds amino acids to build the protein. Each codon in mRNA molecule codes for one amino acid. The amount of amino acids depends on the number of codons.

What is translation?

The translation is one of the stages during protein synthesis and involves the assembly of amino acids according to the genetic information in mRNA.

Genetic information for the amino acids assembly is stored in short sequences of three nucleotides named codons in the mRNA.

During translation, the ribosome reads mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, and, according to the codons that are being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.

Each tRNA has two important sites. The first one couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid. tRNA allows amino acids to align according to the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule.  

There are 20 possible amino acids in nature used to build the protein, and each of the codons represents one of them. Since there are 64 possible codons, a single amino acid might be coded by more than one codon.

In mRNA, we can find start codons and stop codons. They indicate where to start amino acids assembly and where to stop it.

• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells and is placed near the 5' extreme of the molecule.

• The end codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.

Since I do not have the DNA segment provided in this problem, I will give you an example for you to understand how to read mRNA in order to build a protein.

I suggest you analyze this example and then try to use the same reasoning with the mRNA provided to you.

In the exposed example we have the following mRNA.

mRNA ⇒ 5'- UAC  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA AAA -3'

Codons are separated by a space left between them.

• AUG is the start codon placed near the 5' extreme.

• UGA is the end codon near the 3' extreme.

tRNA will add amino acids from the start codon.

mRNA codons ⇒ 5'- UAC  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA AAA -3'

tRNA anticodon ⇒ UAC  GCC  GAG  UCA  ACU

Anticodons are separated by a space left between them.

Amino acids assembly:

1) mRNA          ⇒ 5'-  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA AAA -3'

  amino acids ⇒ N - MET  

2) mRNA          ⇒ 5'-  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA AAA -3'

   amino acids ⇒ N - MET   ARG  

3) mRNA          ⇒ 5'-  AUG  CGG  CUC AGU  UGA AAA -3'

  amino acids ⇒ N - MET   ARG   LEU  

4) mRNA          ⇒ 5'-  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA -3'

   amino acids ⇒ N - MET   ARG   LEU   SER  

5) mRNA          ⇒ 5'-  AUG  CGG  CUC  AGU  UGA -3'

   amino acids ⇒ N - MET   ARG   LEU   SER   Stop - C

Protein ⇒  N - MET - ARG - LEU  -SER - Stop - C

Now you should do the same procedure with your strain.

You will learn more about translation at

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