During translation, tRNA adds the correct amino acid to the growing chain, according to the mRNA codon sequence. The amino acid sequence is Phe-Pro-Gln.
What is translation?
Translation is the stage in protein synthesis that follows transcription, and occurs in the cytoplasm.
When mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the cutoplasm, it meets a free ribosome that is the primary structure for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits of rRNA associated with different tRNA that carries amino acids.
The ribosome reads mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, and, according to the codons that are being readen in mRNA, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.
Let us remember that the codon is the sequence of three nucleotides present in mRNA. The molecule carries start codons and stop codons.
Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them is the antidocon that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule. The other site couples with the coded amino acid.
The new amino acid joins the growing chain through peptidic bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups. The tRNA leaves the ribosome and is free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.
The protein is synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, while the added amino acids to the chain are coded by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA.
Example,
mRNA codons UUU CCU CAA
tRNA antidocons AAA GGA GUU
amino acids Phe Pro Gln
Protein ⇒ N- Phe-Pro-Gln -C
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