Question

Complete the sentences to correctly describe steps in fatty acid synthesis. move the terms to the appropriate blanks. some terms will not be used, and some will be used more than once. scroll down to see all the terms. note that a single red x will appear if you answer any of the blanks incorrectly. feedback will be placed next to a blank that is incorrectly filled. fatty acid synthesis begins with a preparatory step in which is transferred from to the . however, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is transported as , which is cleaved to and . in the cytosol, acetyl coa is converted to , a three-carbon compound. fatty acid synthesis begins with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl coa to fatty acid synthase. -carbon groups, supplied by , are added to the growing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, , and dehydration reactions. elongation of the fatty acid chain stops at carbon atoms, after cycles, as the free fatty acid is released.

Answer 1

The synthesis of fatty acids starts with a preparratory phase in which acetyl CoA is translocated from mitochondria to the cytosol. However, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is translocated as citrate that is cleaved to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.

In the cytosol, acetyl CoA is transformed to malonyl-CoA, that is, a three carbon compound. Fatty acid synthesis starts with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthase.

Two-carbon groups supplied by malonyl-CoA, are supplemented to the developing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, reduction, and dehydration reactions. Elongation of the fatty acid chain ceases at 16 carbon atoms, after 7 cycles, as the free fatty acid is discharged.

Answer 2

The synthesis of fatty acids starts with a preparatory phase in which acetyl CoA is translocated from mitochondria to the cytosol. However, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is translocated as citrate that is cleaved to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.

In the cytosol, acetyl CoA is transformed into malonyl-CoA, that is, a three-carbon compound. The fatty acid synthesis starts with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthase.

Two-carbon groups supplied by Malonyl-CoA, are supplemented to the developing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, reduction, and dehydration reactions. Elongation of the fatty acid chain ceases at 16 carbon atoms, after 7 cycles, as the free fatty acids are discharged.

Further Explanation

Fatty acid synthesis is partly carried out through other metabolic pathways, although there is a small portion of fatty acids produced through the reverse reaction of the decomposition of fatty acids and mitochondria.

In essence, the synthesis of fatty acids comes from acetyl CoA. The enzyme that works as a catalyst is a complex of enzymes found in the cytoplasm, while enzymes that break down fatty acids are found in mitochondria. The initial reaction is carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A to malonyl coenzyme A. These reactions involve HCO3 - and energy from ATP. The reaction for the formation of malonyl coenzyme A actually consists of two reactions as follows:

Biotin is bound to a protein called carboxylbiotin transporting protein. Biotin carboxylase is an enzyme that works as a catalyst in the biotin carboxylation reaction. The second reaction is the transfer of the carboxylate group to acetyl coenzyme A. The catalyst in this reaction is transcarboxylate.

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Details

Class: College

Subject: Biology

Keywords: CoA, fatty, acids