Respuesta :
1. sunlight is essential for the varied life on earth. sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing a. the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds in h2o and co2
The main energy source for photosynthesis comes from the sunlight. The plant has the ability to change the energy from sunlight into chemical energy that was stored by forming glucose.
2. lungs are to breathing as d.mitochondria are to cellular respiration.
Lungs breathe to take oxygen from the atmosphere to accommodate the aerobic cellular respiration. The last two process of cellular respiration will happen in mitochondria. Mitochondria is an important organ because it involved in the electron transport thayieldsld highest ATP of cellular respiration.
3. When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. in cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to atp and heat. in a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to kinetic energy and heat.
The reaction will use chemical energy stored in the gasoline/glucose that become the reactant. The chemical energy is used to move the car/muscle, which gives the kinetic energy. Heat should be the side product which will make the car/body warmer during exercise.
4. given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight?
a.most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.
The body needs the energy to do their daily function, called basal metabolic rate. If the energy from consumed food is equal or less than BMR, there is no excess energy that will be stored as fat.
5. a molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction a.loses electrons and becomes reduced.
Oxygen is highly reactive because it has a tendency to take/receive electrons from other substance. Since oxygen loses it electrons, it is become reduced.
A molecule that reacts with oxygen is the electron donor. The donor will give electron and those who lose the electron will be oxidized.
6. In cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons, whereas oxygen gains electrons.
The carbon atoms of glucose will lose electrons in cellular respiration and become carbon dioxide. The electron comes from the oxygen which will become the water. This reaction will produce ATP.
7. Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation produces most of the ATP from cellular respiration. But it will need electrons from the electron transport chain. The electrons will be provided by NADH and FADH2 which will be formed in the glycolysis, transition and Krebs cycle.
8. glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that requires ATP to make ATP.
When glycolysis process is simplified, it doesn't seem to require ATP because it produces 2 more ATP than it uses. But there is two reaction in glycolysis called phosphate ester synthesis which an endothermic reaction. This reaction will need ATP for hydrolysis.
9. We inhale o2 and we exhale co2. carbon dioxide is produced b.in the reaction that creates acetyl coa (coenzyme a) from pyruvate
After glycolysis, one molecule of glucose will produce two pyruvates. Every one pyruvate will produce one acetyl coa, one NADH, and one carbon dioxide in transition reaction. Carbon dioxide also produced in Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle).
10. a scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. what part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?
c.mitochondrial matrix
The reaction of the citric acid cycle happens in the matrix of mitochondrial and its inner membrane. A prokaryotic organism that doesn't have mitochondria will have to it in the cytosol and the cell surface.
11. Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and four additional energy-rich molecules: 3 NADH and 1 FADH2.
NADH and FADH could undergo Oxidative phosphorylation which will give much more ATP than glycolysis or citric acid cycle combined. Each NADH could produce 3 ATP while each FADH2 could produce 2 ATP. NADH could produce more ATP because it bind with complex I while FADH2 bind to complex II.
The main energy source for photosynthesis comes from the sunlight. The plant has the ability to change the energy from sunlight into chemical energy that was stored by forming glucose.
2. lungs are to breathing as d.mitochondria are to cellular respiration.
Lungs breathe to take oxygen from the atmosphere to accommodate the aerobic cellular respiration. The last two process of cellular respiration will happen in mitochondria. Mitochondria is an important organ because it involved in the electron transport thayieldsld highest ATP of cellular respiration.
3. When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. in cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to atp and heat. in a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to kinetic energy and heat.
The reaction will use chemical energy stored in the gasoline/glucose that become the reactant. The chemical energy is used to move the car/muscle, which gives the kinetic energy. Heat should be the side product which will make the car/body warmer during exercise.
4. given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight?
a.most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.
The body needs the energy to do their daily function, called basal metabolic rate. If the energy from consumed food is equal or less than BMR, there is no excess energy that will be stored as fat.
5. a molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction a.loses electrons and becomes reduced.
Oxygen is highly reactive because it has a tendency to take/receive electrons from other substance. Since oxygen loses it electrons, it is become reduced.
A molecule that reacts with oxygen is the electron donor. The donor will give electron and those who lose the electron will be oxidized.
6. In cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons, whereas oxygen gains electrons.
The carbon atoms of glucose will lose electrons in cellular respiration and become carbon dioxide. The electron comes from the oxygen which will become the water. This reaction will produce ATP.
7. Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation produces most of the ATP from cellular respiration. But it will need electrons from the electron transport chain. The electrons will be provided by NADH and FADH2 which will be formed in the glycolysis, transition and Krebs cycle.
8. glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that requires ATP to make ATP.
When glycolysis process is simplified, it doesn't seem to require ATP because it produces 2 more ATP than it uses. But there is two reaction in glycolysis called phosphate ester synthesis which an endothermic reaction. This reaction will need ATP for hydrolysis.
9. We inhale o2 and we exhale co2. carbon dioxide is produced b.in the reaction that creates acetyl coa (coenzyme a) from pyruvate
After glycolysis, one molecule of glucose will produce two pyruvates. Every one pyruvate will produce one acetyl coa, one NADH, and one carbon dioxide in transition reaction. Carbon dioxide also produced in Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle).
10. a scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. what part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?
c.mitochondrial matrix
The reaction of the citric acid cycle happens in the matrix of mitochondrial and its inner membrane. A prokaryotic organism that doesn't have mitochondria will have to it in the cytosol and the cell surface.
11. Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and four additional energy-rich molecules: 3 NADH and 1 FADH2.
NADH and FADH could undergo Oxidative phosphorylation which will give much more ATP than glycolysis or citric acid cycle combined. Each NADH could produce 3 ATP while each FADH2 could produce 2 ATP. NADH could produce more ATP because it bind with complex I while FADH2 bind to complex II.
