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The major difference between the North and the South and the one most responsible for the Civil War was the institution of slavery. In the North, slavery was almost universally prohibited by the 1800s, while the institution was a cornerstone of Southern society
During what time period? There are a lot of things that could answer this. More southern states were slave states, while most northern states were free or abolitionist states. The south relied on crops more while the north was pretty well industrialized. It all depends on what you're looking for. 
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