Respuesta :
A-air temperature does not influence the effectiveness of a detergent
[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\bold{Further~explanation}}}[/tex]
In chemical reactions several factors influence among others:
1. Temperature
The temperature of the reaction that is raised will cause the particles to move more actively so that collisions between particles will become more frequent so that the speed of chemical reactions will be greater
2. Pressure
Addition of pressure will increase the concentration because the volume is reduced, a greater concentration will accelerate the reaction
3. Concentration / substance level
The greater the level, the more substances dissolved and involved in the reaction, thereby increasing the speed of the reaction
4. Stirring
The mechanical force applied to the solution that reacts will cause more collisions to accelerate the reaction
5 Catalysts
Addition of a catalyst to accelerate the reaction without reaction with reactant substances
Detergents are used as cleaning removers of dirt on clothes or oily/fatty items
The main structure of detergent is surfactant which has hydrophobic (binding fat) and hydrophilic (which binds water) parts
Surfactants also function to reduce water surface tension so that it is easier to bind dirt
Surfactants can be anionic in which there are derivatives of Benzene, namely: Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate obtained from sulfonation reactions where hydrogen in benzene is substituted by sulfonate groups (HSO₃⁻) reaction with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
If we see the answer choices:
A. Air temperature
Air does not play a role in the reaction or cleaning process of dirt by detergents, so it is not an effective or ineffective factor in detergent cleaning
B. Water temperature
The right water temperature by adjusting the conditions of clothing materials will increase the effectiveness of detergents, for example, hot temperatures suitable for lifting oil/oil stains, warm/cold temperatures for clothes that are not too dirty and made of silk/wool
C. Energy gave
The energy in the cleaning process can be done through mechanical energy so that the collision between the particles of detergent and dirt will occur more so that faster removal of dirt
D. the length and frequency of the treatment
Sufficient time and the frequency of contact between detergents and ingredients, especially for dirty and hard-to-lose materials, will make removal of dirt better
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Keywords: detergent, reaction rate, temperature, Catalysts, Pressure, Concentration/substance level
The factor that does not influence the effectiveness of detergents is [tex]\boxed{{\text{A}}{\text{. Air temperature}}}[/tex]
Further Explanation:
Detergents are the surfactants that have the cleansing properties. These substances are generally alkylbenzenesulfonates. These are used in dishwashing, laundry, cleaning floor and tiles.
Following are the types of detergents:
1. Anionic detergents:
These have alkylbenzene group that is lipophilic (oil-loving) in nature whereas anionic sulfonate group is hydrophilic (water-loving). Bile acids like deoxycholic acid (DOC) is the anionic detergents that are produced by the liver to help in digestion and absorption of fats and oils.
2. Cationic detergents:
These are similar to anionic ones, except for the cationic group. These contain quaternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides or bromides. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cationic detergent.
3. Non-ionic detergents:
These types of detergents do not contain any ions. These are the esters of alcohols with high molecular mass. Tween and triton are some examples of non-ionic detergents.
The cleansing action of detergents is based on the action of micelle formation. Oil and dirt particles are hydrophobic in nature whereas the ionic part of detergents is hydrophilic in nature. So when dirty clothes are dipped in detergent solution, oil particle gets surrounded by the long hydrocarbon chains away from the water molecules and the ionic part dissolves in water. This results in the formation of micelles. In this way, clothes get cleaned.
(A). Air temperature
The cleansing action of detergents does not depend on the temperature of the air. So air temperature has no influence on the effectiveness of detergents.
(B). Water temperature
The cleansing action of detergents can be increased by increasing the temperature of the water, provided the clothes are so much dirty. High water temperature helps in the removal of oil and dirt particles with higher speed.
(C). Energy applied
If the clothes are dirty enough and more energy (in the form of mechanical energy) is applied, then these will be washed easily and fast. So the effectiveness of detergent increases with the increase in energy supplied to it.
(D) Length and frequency of treatment
If clothes are very dirty, then the cleansing treatment needs to be provided for a longer time and with high frequency so as to ensure the complete removal of oil, grease and dirt particles and vice-versa. So the effectiveness of detergent depends on the length and frequency of treatment.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Surface chemistry
Keywords: detergent, effectiveness, influence, air temperature, water temperature, energy, length, frequency of treatment, micelle, oil, dirt, grease, water, ionic.
