Select all that apply to Richard Rudner's argument of Inductive Risk.
Select 3 correct answer(s)
Question 29 options:
a)
Rudner presents the argument from inductive risk, which shows that non-epistemic values play a constitutive role in scientific inquiry. This contradicts both the strong and moderate theses of value-freedom.
b)
Rudner presents the argument from inductive risk, which shows that non-epistemic values play a constitutive roles in scientific inquiry. This contradicts the moderate thesis of value-freedom, but not the moderate one.
c)
Rudner presents the argument from inductive risk, which shows that non-epistemic values play a constitutive roles in scientific inquiry. This contradicts the strong thesis of value-freedom, but not the strong one.
d)
If deciding whether a hypothesis should be accepted or rejected is a core activity of science, then the values which determine whether the hypothesis is acceptable are playing a constitutive role.
e)
P-values are necessary for hypothesis testing, so there is at least one kind of value necessary for hypothesis testing. So, scientific inquiry cannot be (p-)value free/neutral.
f)
Risk assessment is a necessary part of hypothesis testing, and is laden with non-epistemic values.
