By the nineteenth century, a period of intense scientific discovery was well underway. Remarkable advances in science and medicine helped to lift people out of wretched poverty [by enabling people to explore opportunities in industry], . . . enrich their lives, empower them with knowledge, open their eyes to new worlds, and eventually unleash complex forces which would topple the feudal dynasties, fiefdoms, and empires of Europe. –Visions, Michio Kaku Since [the 1980s], DNA tests [of bodily fluids] have had a profound effect on crime and punishment. They have reversed the verdict in fully 25 percent of the sexual assault cases referred to by the FBI since 1989. –Visions, Michio Kaku Which key term is found in the first passage?