A Muscle cells need energy to contract. One biochemical pathway for energy transfer is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in a process called glycolysis. In the presence of sufficient oxygen in the cell, pyruvate is oxidized to CO₂ and H₂ O to make further energy available. However, under extreme conditions not enough oxygen can be supplied to the cells, so muscle cells produce lactate ion according to the reaction; pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ lactate dehydrogenase → lactate + NADH⁺; where ΔᵣG°=-25.1 {kJ} / {mol}. In living cells, the pH value is about 7 . The hydronium ion concentration is constant and is included in ΔᵣG°, which is then called ΔᵣG°. Calculate ΔᵣG° for the reaction Mg(s)+Cu²⁺(aq)→Mg²⁺(aq)+Cu(s).
