lWhich of the following best illustrates the logos type of rhetorical appeal?

a
Don't be the last person to get this new phone; you'll be the laughingstock of your friends.

b
He's the best and foremost expert in forensics and ballistics for the federal government; if anyone is qualified to testify, it's him.

c
If we don't move from this section soon, the flood will spread to us, and we'll be trapped.

d
More than one hundred studies have been conducted and 97% of them show that the positive effects of this medicine outweigh the negative side effects.