Shirley had gone for a routine medical check-up, and her doctor found that she had unregulated cell growth which is an indicator of malignant neoplasm (cancer). The doctor met Shirley and told her that he suspected a malignant neoplasm in her body that has not yet been located. However, the doctor also mentioned that the infection may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system. The doctor asked Shirley to undergo a few tests and start therapy and medication immediately. Although, Shirley understood that she had a serious condition, she was not very clear on what the doctor meant. In this case, the doctor is:
a) Providing clear communication
b) Encouraging shared decision-making
c) Lacking in patient education
d) Demonstrating empathy and understanding
