Passage (T) What happens in our brains when we read? (2) As one would expect, the parts of the brain associated with language development and processing play a central role (3) But recent research by neuroscientists suggests that the words and phrases we encounter when reading stones activate many other parts of our brains as well, including those responsible for smell, touch, metion and even empathy (4) In one study, researchers asked participants to read words and have them scanned by a brain imaging machine (5) Brain imaging machines are also used to detect the effects of tumors. stroke, head and brain injury, or diseases such as Alzheimer's (6) When subjects locked at words such as "perfume," their primary alfactory cortex, the region used for smells, lit up, when they saw words such as "chair," this region remained dark. (7) In another study, metaphors involving texture, such as The singer had a velvet voice." roused the sensory cortex, while phrases such as The singer had a pleasing voice" did not (8) The sensory cortex is the part of the brain responsible for perceiving texture through touch. (9) In a third study, sentences like "Pablo kicked the ball" caused brain activity in the motor cortex, which coordinates the body's movements. (10) This activity as concentrated in different parts of the motor cortex depending on whether the movement was arm- related or leg-related (11) The idea that reading activates parts of the brain associated with "real life" functions goes beyond simple words and phrases: there is evidence that the brain treats the detailed interactions among characters in a book as something like real-life social encounters (12) One scientist has proposed a reason: reading produces a vivid simulation of reality, one that runs on minds of readers just as computer simulations run on computers." (13) The brain, it seems, does not make much of a distinction between reading about an experience and encountering it in real life. Question Which sentence provides unnecessary information and should be deleted from the second paragraph (sentences 4-10)? Sentence 4 Sentence 5 Sentence 6 Sentence 9
