One of your fellow students is continually late to tutorials. The teacher (Dr Dre) has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently threatened to deduct two per cent off the student’s final grade each time he is late without cause. The student then began to show up on time. Based on the above, the tutor’s actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

a. Negative reinforcement
b. Extinction
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Rewards enhancement
e. Avoidance learning