GIVING YOU 33 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST!!!!!
Directions: Read and study the Activities, then complete each task that follows each activity.
Key Terms:
• title
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• equator
• location
• Northern Hemisphere
• geography
• Southern Hemisphere
• cartography
• longitude
• sonar
• meridians
• aerial photography
• prime meridian
• legend
• Eastern Hemisphere
• map projection
• Western Hemisphere
• cardinal directions
• Greenwich Mean Time
• intermediate directions
• International Date Line
• latitude
Using Tools to Find Your Way Around
Activity #1:
Task #1: Think of a time when you were unsure of your location. Describe how it happened and what you did to find out where you were. Would GPS have made a difference? Why or why not?
Activity #2:
Geographers often use GPS. GPS is a new technology, but the word geography has old roots. It comes from the Greek words geo, meaning "earth" and graph, meaning "writing." A geographer studies geography.
Some geographers are cartographers. Cartographers draw, study, and make maps. The word cartography has Latin and Greek roots. The Ancient Romans spoke Latin. In Latin, carta means "map." Some geographers study where people, plants, and animals are located. They study how people interact with the environment, or area, around them. They study how the land and environment have changed or is changing. The changes may be natural or caused by humans.
Task #2: Read the three choices below. Choose two things listed below a geographer might study. Then, add one of your own.
1. how languages spread
2. ocean currents
3. how a fish can breathe
4. ____________
Activity #3:
New technology has helped us map the world. Before 1978, we knew little about the ocean floor. Today, using satellites and sonar, we have maps that show mountains and canyons underneath the water. Sonar stands for sound navigation ranging. It is a tool that sends sound waves into the water. The sound waves bounce off what they hit. The tool measures how long it takes for the sound waves to bounce back. Using the measurements, a computer can determine water depth and the shape of objects.
Task #3: Answer the following questions.
1. A sound wave that hits an object close to surface level would take _ _ time to bounce back than a sound wave that hits an object far below the surface level.
A. less
B. more
C. the same
2. How much of Mauna Kea is below the surface of the water?
A. 4,768 ft (1,453 m)
B. 15,580 ft (5 km)
C. 20,348 ft (6 km)
D. 42,476 ft (13 km)
3. Essay question: Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain. It is 29,028 feet (9km) above sea level. It is located in the Himalayas between Nepal and China. But now that we have sonar, we know about Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea is on Hawaii Island. It is 13,448 feet (4km) above sea level. From its base on the ocean floor, it is 33,796 feet (10km)! Should we still consider Mount Everest to be the highest mountain? Why or why not? (There is no wrong answer, but you must justify your answer with reasons and examples.)
Activity #4:
Aerial photography is an important map-making tool. Aerial photographs are taken from the air. They are taken from the viewpoint of looking down. Satellites have taken hundreds of photographs of Earth. From the photographs, mapmakers can make maps that show crop patterns and pollution. Over time, they can chart how the surface of Earth has changed.
Task #4:
1. Why didn't mapmakers in the 1800s make use of aerial photography?
a. Mapmakers stood on high ladders.
b. It was not important to chart changes.
c. There was little pollution at that time.
d. Powered flight had not yet been invented.
2. Locate an aerial map on the internet. Provide the URL of the map that you found. Describe the area and the legend of the aerial map.
Activity #5:
The surface of Earth is curved. Most maps are flat. One cannot flatten a sphere or ball. If one does, parts of the sphere will be stretched to make it lay flat. For this reason, mapmakers have to distort, or change, the size, shape, or position of countries. This is called a map projection.
A common projection used today is the Mercator projection. On this projection, countries close to the equator are drawn more accurately. Countries close to the poles are distorted.
Task #5:
1. On a map using Mercator's projection, which country's size is most likely distorted?
a. Kenya
b. Brazil
c. Greenland
d. United States
2. Give one reason why a globe is better than a map.
3. Give one reason why a map is better than a globe.
