Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.
Copy Otters
In many animal species, behaviors of animals in the wild differ markedly from those of
animals in captivity. An animal, for example, may study how an older member of its species
forages and then copy that behavior. This is called social learning. Otters have long been
known for their unique ability to use tools, such as using rocks to crack open shellfish.
Until recently, though, little research had been done on otters to understand whether such
behaviors are innate or learned socially through copying strategies.
In 2013-2014, a team of researchers in the United Kingdom-Zosia Ladds, William
Hoppitt, and Neeltje Boogert-set out to document the learning behaviors of two otter
species. The two otter species were the smooth-coated otter and the Asian short-clawed
otter. The researchers hypothesized that because these animals live in tightly knit familial
groups, both species would display social learning.
[1] Ladds and her team traveled to wildlife parks and zoos in the UK, although they
could collect data on the learning behaviors of the two otter species. [2] There, the
researchers presented various groups of others with a series of challenging tasks (a new task
dorinnod to roquire the kinde.of.ekille that
wc.on.cach daul (21 The tacke which.
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A NO CHANGE
B have foraged
C forage
D were foraging
