Answer ALL questions: Mark True or False: (35 Marks): 1- Just like teaching methodology, reading theories have had their shifts and transitions. 2- The traditional view of reading focused on the printed form of a text. 3- In the traditional view of reading, novice readers acquire a set of hierarchically ordered sub-akills that sequentially build toward comprehension ability. 4- According to Dole et al., reading is basically a matter of decoding a series of written symbols into their aural equivalents in the quest for making sense of the text. 5- Nunan has called the traditional view 'outside in process, referring to the idea that meaning exista in the printed page and is interpreted by the reader then taken in. 6- The 'top-down' model is in direct opposition to the bottom-up' model. According to Nunan (1991) and Dubin and Bycina (1991), the psycholinguistic model of reading and the top-down model are in ext concordance. hott 9- 7- Rumelhart presented reading as a psycholinguistic guessing game, a process in which readers sample the text, make hypotheses, confirm or reject them, make new hypotheses, and so forth. 8- Dole et al. (1991) have stated that, besides knowledge brought to bear on the reading process, a set of flexible, adaptable strategies are used to make sense of a text and to monitor ongoing understand Klein et al. (1991) stated that strategic readers attempt the following while reading: Identifying purpose of the reading before reading, Identifying the form or type of the text before reading and Thinking about the general character and features of the form or type of the text. Z. GIVE realme U 10- Before starting to read a text it is natural to think of the purpose of reading the text. As an example of the during reading techniques, re-reading for better comprehension can be mentioned. And filling out forms and charts can be referred to as an after reading activity. These tasks and ideas can be used to enhance reading comprehension
