-a process that verifies that an account trying to access a system is valid and has provided valid credentials.-a process that verifies an authenticated account has permission to preform an action on a system.-the native linux/unix file sharing protocol-an os client component that intercepts resource requests and determines whether the resource is local or remote.-an application layer protocol that windows file and printer services use to share resources between windows computers.a.redirectorb.authorizationc.network file system (nfs)d.authenticatione.server message block (smb)