a vitamin company conducted a survey study that randomly sampled 500 people and asked all 500 of them if, in the past year, they: 1) regularly took vitamin supplements and 2) how often they had been ill. the study found that there was a statistically significant lower rate of illness in those people who took vitamins than in those who did not take vitamins. the company then claimed in its commercials that taking vitamin supplements reduces illness. what is the most serious rule of critical thinking that the company is breaking by making this claim?
