O Participatory democracy, which emphasizes limited participation, marginalizes those who do not have the economic means to
participate.
O Pluralist democracy, which seeks to shield elites from popular opinion, functions best when individual citizens do not
participate in the process.
O Participatory democracy, which emphasizes expanded participation, creates too much conflict within the system.
O Pluralist democracy, though it involves groups at different stages of the process of developing policy, excludes a significant
portion of the population.
