ava flavell and other owners (flavell) contracted with f.e.b. general contractors, inc. (feb) to conduct renovations on their historic residence. feb subcontracted with maxim jakes home remodeling and repair (jakes) to perform the roofing work on the project. jakes in turn subcontracted with cal bruce home improvements (bruce), to conduct the roofing work on jakes’s behalf. when bruce performed work on the roof, he "botched the job" and caused extensive leaking inside the house. feb and jakes attempted to correct the problems, but eventually abandoned the project, leaving flavell to hire others to complete the renovations. flavell sued feb, jakes, and bruce for breach of contract. jakes sought to dismiss flavell’s claim against it, arguing no privity of contract existed between themselves and flavell, and therefore jakes should not be liable for any damages.